Função colinérgica cardiorrespiratória no núcleo do trato solitário

• Ano de defesa: 2013
• Autor(a) principal: Furuya, Werner Issao
• Orientador(a): Colombari, Débora Simões de Almeida
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Carlos; Câmpus São Carlos
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa Interinstitucional de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - PIPGCF
• Palavras-chave em Português: Acetilcolina; Núcleo do trato solitário; Bulbo; Atividade nervosa simpática; Atividade do nervo frênico
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Acetylcholine; Nucleus of the solitary tract; Medulla; Sympathetic nerve activty; Phrenic nerve activity
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FISIOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/20.500.14289/8981

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is the primary synaptic site of the peripheral baroreceptors and chemoreceptors. It has been shown that acetylcholine (ACh) microinjected into the NTS of rats induces hypotension and bradycardia. However, the contribution of cholinergic mechanisms at different NTS subnuclei (intermediate and commissural) as well as the cholinergic receptors blockade on the control of sympathetic (SNA) and phrenic (PNA) nerve activities have not been studied yet. In this study we assessed the role of ACh and its cholinergic receptors at the intermediate NTS (iNTS) and commissural NTS (cNTS) on the control of SNA, PNA and electrophysiological properties of these subnuclei neurons, as well as on baro and chemoreflex responses. Decorticated arterially-perfused in situ preparations of male juvenile rats were used to record SNA and PNA. Microinjections of ACh and cholinergic antagonists were performed into the iNTS or cNTS. Coronal slices of the brainstem containing either cNTS or iNTS subnuclei were obtained from male juvenile rats and used in whole cell patch clamp – current clamp recordings. It was observed that ACh microinjected into the iNTS inhibited both SNA and PNA. These effects were reduced by the pre-treatment with atropine (muscarinic antagonist) or mecamylamine (nicotinic antagonist). The cholinergic antagonists into the iNTS did not change the effects on SNA and PNA induced by baro and chemoreflex activation. In contrast, microinjections of ACh into the cNTS did not induce changes in SNA, but increased PNA. Despite the absence of changes in SNA, ACh into the cNTS changed the pattern of respiratory-sympathetic coupling. Both atropine and mecamylamine into the cNTS inhibited the ACh-induced tachypnea, but only mecamylamine inhibited the chemoreflex-induced tachypnea and the ACh-induced change in respiratory-sympathetic coupling. In vitro studies demonstrated that ACh promotes depolarization in both iNTS and cNTS neurons. Both muscarinic and nicotinic antagonism in the iNTS inhibited the ACh-induced depolarization. However, only nicotinic antagonist was effective in diminishing this response in the cNTS. The results suggest that ACh plays an important role in the control of cardiovascular and respiratory activities, with distinct functions between iNTS and cNTS. This cholinergic control involves activation of both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors within NTS, but only nicotinic receptors are involved in the chemoreflex tachypneic response.