Degradação de matéria orgânica terrestre por microrganismos do rio Amazonas – Metagenômica e genômica populacional

• Ano de defesa: 2018
• Autor(a) principal: Santos Júnior, Célio Dias
• Orientador(a): Silva, Flávio Henrique da
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Universidade Federal de São Carlos; Câmpus São Carlos
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética Evolutiva e Biologia Molecular - PPGGEv
• Palavras-chave em Português: Rio Amazonas; Genoma populacional; Metagenoma; Catálogo de genes; Efeito priming; Degradação de matéria orgânica terrestre
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Amazon River; Population genomes; Metagenomes; Gene catalogue; Priming effect; Terrestrial organic matter degradation.
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA::BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA::BIOQUIMICA DOS MICROORGANISMOS; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MICROBIOLOGIA
• Link de acesso: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/20.500.14289/10841

Microbes from Amazon river basin represent an unexplored biodiversity, with a huge metabolic potential. This ecosystem receives large amounts of terrestrial organic matter (OM), which promotes heterotrophic microbial growth. Microbial populations have been exposed for millennia to a complex OM derived from plants, and these communities must have developed metabolic pathways to degrade it. In the present work, 106 metagenomes from 30 sampling stations of rivers and lakes of the Amazon river basin were analyzed, covering the freshwater and coastal ocean areas. Using the gold standard techniques for assembly and gene prediction, the first gene catalog of freshwater microorganisms was generated, containing more than 3.7 million non-redundant genes, predominantly those of bacterial origin (35.73%). The present work comprises the hugest biodiversity ever sampled in Amazon river until now. As an auxiliary system, the AGSSY program was created to assist in the data mining of this catalog, proving to be fast and efficient in this process. The analysis of k-mers diversity suggests that these genes originate from local evolutionary processes. In addition, there is a stratification of the OM processing in the water column, possibly regulated by a sophisticated system of alternative carbon sources use, mainly based on tricarboxylates. The spatial structure of the OM processing genes suggests a zonation of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose degradation. Using hybrid binning methods, taking into account contigs composition and abundance, it was possible to reconstruct 51 non-redundant population genomes. Through the analysis of them, it was possible to verify abundant endemic species belonging to Bacteria and Archaea, with a predominance of the Proteobacterium phylum (39%). Population genome analyzes, together with the gene catalog data, suggest a sophisticated priming model for the degradation of terrestrial OM in the Amazon River. Such a model would be based on the retroinhibition undergone by organisms that oxidize lignin, and in a community of microorganisms using alternative carbon sources that blocks this effect.