Estudo de 25 crânios de indivíduos do Rio Grande do Sul : inferência de sexo e de ancestralidade com o uso de cranioscopia, craniometria e genética forense

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Gonçalves, Pablo Castro
• Orientador(a): Alho, Clarice Sampaio
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular
• Departamento: Faculdade de Biociências
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR; CRANIOMETRIA; ANTROPOLOGIA
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL
• Link de acesso: http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5505

Brazil is a large country, were each region shows a particular pattern of admixture population. To evaluate the agreement between different forensic anthropology tools to determine ancestry and sex in a region of this country, we perform morphological and genetic analysis in a sample of 25 crania from cemeteries and Universities from Porto Alegre metropolitan region, south of Brazil. Those analysis consists in cranioscopy evaluation of 8 cranial traits, 16 craniometric measurements, and allele amplification of 13 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) loci of the CODIS system (TPOX, D3S1358, FGA, D5S818, CSF1PO, D7S820, D8S1179, TH01, vWA, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11) plus other two loci (D2S1338, D19S433) and amelogenin, using the Identifiler® Plus Kit loci Amelogenin and The NGM Kit loci. Genetics and morphological data were then compared to ancestral populations' database of cranial measurements, Howells and Hanihara database, and STR allele frequencies from individuals of African, Amerindian and European origin. Our results showed cranioscopy and craniometry based on Hanihara database were the most accurate morphological tools to determine sex, and probably ancestry as well. This can be explained by the fact that Howells database is not composed of populations who effectively colonized Brazil, and a more resembled craniometric database could turn Brazilian forensic identification analysis more precise and accurate.