Detalhes bibliográficos
| Ano de defesa: |
2013 |
| Autor(a) principal: |
Alves, Cristina Canhetti
 |
| Orientador(a): |
Camargo, Zuleica Antonia |
| Banca de defesa: |
Não Informado pela instituição |
| Tipo de documento: |
Dissertação
|
| Tipo de acesso: |
Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: |
por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
|
| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Linguística Aplicada e Estudos da Linguagem
|
| Departamento: |
Lingüística
|
| País: |
BR
|
| Palavras-chave em Português: |
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| Palavras-chave em Inglês: |
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| Área do conhecimento CNPq: |
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| Link de acesso: |
https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13617
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Resumo: |
Aiming at investigating the effects of the usage of metaphors in singing voice production from acoustic and articulatory (vocal tract imaging) descriptions among women, singers and non-singers, this research was developed based on two experiments. Experiment 1 referred to a case study (woman, non-singer, without voice disorder) based on acoustic and vocal tract image analysis (videofluoroscopy). Experiment 2 was based on acoustic analysis of utterances from 10 subjects (5 singers and 5 non-singers). For both experiments, the recordings of the folklore song Sapo Jururu in four different tasks: without and with instructions, the latter based on metaphors (prism, cathedral and flying saucer) were analyzed. For vocal tract image data analysis, measures of labial opening (absolute and normalized), jaw opening, distance from the back of tongue-pharynx and back of tongue-palate were extracted by means of Osiris software. For the acoustic analysis of the data, measures of the formant frequencies (F1, F2, F3) of the vowels ([a], [i], [Ɛ] e [u]) were extracted by means of Praat software in experiment 1. Experiment 2 consisted on the extraction of F1, F2, F3 measures of the vowel [a] (in the repetitions of sapo ) and on the analysis of the three repetitions of the folklore song by ExpressionEvaluator script running into Praat software to extract arousal, f0 (median, interquartile semi-amplitude, quantile 99.5% and skewness), first f0 derivate (mean, standard deviation and skewness), intensity (skewness), spectral slope (mean, standard deviation and skewness) and LTAS (standard deviation) measures. The findings of both experiments were submitted to multivariate statistical treatment (factorial analysis, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, canonical correlation, discriminant analysis and linear regression). The vocal tract image data revealed increased labial and jaw opening, centralized tongue body and pharyngeal expansion in the cathedral metaphor. For the prism metaphor, increased labial opening and pharyngeal constriction were found. For the flying saucer metaphor, decreased labial and jaw opening, raised tongue body, and pharyngeal expansion were found. The acoustic analysis showed differences in the formant pattern, mainly to the cathedral and flying saucer ones, supported by findings of experiment 2. The statistical analysis showed that mobilizations elicited by metaphors were better defined through image analysis in experiment 1 and by the acoustic measures generated by ExpressionEvaluator script in experiment 2, especially for f0 (median and quantile 99.5%), intensity (skewness) and spectral slope (mean and standard deviation). The differentiations among groups in experiment 2 were reinforced by ExpressionEvaluator and F1, F2, and F3 acoustic measures. The arousal was the factor which showed inter-subject differences. The phonetic approach of the data showed that metaphors lead to differentiated vocal tract adjustments, mainly for cathedral and flying saucer methaphors, revealed by articulatory (measures of videofluoroscopic images) and acoustic descriptions (f0, intensity and spectral slope measures). Those adjustments differed when singer and non-singer samples were compared. The acoustic and vocal tract images correspondences were relevant to the study of the singing voice, and reinforced the relation between sound and meaning |
