Modernidade e transição no cinema americano entre 1894 e 1915

• Ano de defesa: 2011
• Autor(a) principal: Araujo, Camila Biasotto de
• Orientador(a): Motta, Leda Tenorio da
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
• Programa de Pós-Graduação: Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Comunicação e Semiótica
• Departamento: Comunicação
• País: BR
• Palavras-chave em Português: Primeiro cinema; Cinema de atrações; Cinema de transição; Modernidade
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Early cinema; Cinema of attractions; Transitional cinema; Modernity
• Área do conhecimento CNPq: CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::COMUNICACAO
• Link de acesso: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4342

This research seeks to understand the primordial 20 years of the cinema in the United States in which concerns about the changes in the way mode of films were produced and exhibited, and also those presented in the cinematographic industry. The period analyzed here corresponds to the years between 1895 and 1915; and it is subdivided between Early Cinema or Cinema of Attractions (1895-1907) and Period of Transition (1907-1915). During the Early Cinema, or Cinema of Attractions, the filmic language established did not seek necessarily to narration and linearization. It aimed at images exhibition, attracting the audience attention rather than telling stories. In this phase, it is notability resources such as trucage and close-up, but camera resources, edition, production and performance were not directed to a narrative story. The industry, in this first period, was not completely developed. Among the enterpriser alternated magician, non-professional scientists and even big companies, as Edison Co. The cinema was not the main attraction and was showed with vaudeville numbers. From 1907, cinema became the main attraction and earned its own space to its projection, called nickelodeons. Its low cost attracted a big public and the enterpriser realized the potential of film to generate profit. There were efforts to nationalize at most the production of film and monopolize its means of production. The efforts resulted on a Trust that dominated the system of production and exhibition in the period of transition in the United States, the Motion Picture Patents Company. The films also obtained new characteristics: influenced by foreign films that brought more narrative stories, new camera movements, and various planes utilization, the American producers were impelled to adopt those characteristics and improve them until reach a cinema with a more narrative and linear language. By decoupage of films which constitute the corpus, we realize that some stylistic resources form the Early Cinema were maintained on the period of transition and even after, in the classic cinema, although their function were transformed. We give prominence to crucial social, scientific and technologic changes in the American society between 1895 and 1915 that collaborated to the great success of cinema. Hence, we sought to make explicit the filmic and industrial characteristics of the Early Movies and the Cinema of Transition, connecting each of them, and compose this period historically, in order to analyze how those periods of cinema were able to configure themselves inside their historical age