Detalhes bibliográficos
| Ano de defesa: |
2009 |
| Autor(a) principal: |
Melo, Ana Cecilia da Costa Carvalho
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| Orientador(a): |
Sério, Tereza Maria de Azevedo Pires
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| Banca de defesa: |
Não Informado pela instituição |
| Tipo de documento: |
Dissertação
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| Tipo de acesso: |
Acesso aberto |
| Idioma: |
por |
| Instituição de defesa: |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
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| Programa de Pós-Graduação: |
Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Psicologia Experimental: Análise do Comportamento
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| Departamento: |
Psicologia
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| País: |
BR
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| Palavras-chave em Português: |
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| Palavras-chave em Inglês: |
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| Área do conhecimento CNPq: |
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| Link de acesso: |
https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16850
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Resumo: |
The main objective of this study was to investigate the presentation of instructions by the teacher to students of early childhood education. The study was conducted with students in two classes and their teachers, one class with children between five and six years old and the other with children between three and four years old. The shooting was made during two school days, each session lasted about an hour and occurred within the classroom during normal activities. Thereafter, all sessions were transcript and then divided into instructional episodes. These episodes were then organized into a table in their respective columns: a situation antecedent to instruction, instruction in itself, the behavior of the student after the instruction and the behavior of the teacher after the student s response. Then, instructions were classified. First, whether they were individual or group instructions, then in terms of topography, whether they were: oral instructions, oral instructions combined with visual instructions, oral instructions combined with demonstration and finally, oral instruction combined with visual instructions and demonstration. Also, depending on relational characteristics, whether or not they had the components of triple contingency. The behavior of the student (whether he followed instructions fully, partially or did not follow them) was also analyzed. And lastly, the subsequent behavior of the teacher was analyzed on whether she did: some positive comment or gesture, a negative gesture or comment, not issue any comment, only directed a gaze, emphasize the previous instruction, or if she did not make any mention to the students response and engaged in another activity. In terms of the public of the instructions, in the older class, the number of group and individual instructions were very close. In the youngest class, the number of individual instructions was higher, mainly because of the activity performed in one of the days of the shooting. In terms of form, oral instructions were predominant without the use of other resources. In terms of relational characteristics, the higher number of instructions, in both classes, was instructions that specified only the response. Regarding the behavior of the student, most instructions were followed. There was not much difference in following instruction in terms of the form of instructions and in terms of their relational characteristics. However, regarding following instructions, the individual instruction had a higher proportion as compared to the group ones. The high number of instructions per minute was an interesting factor. Another possibility examined was the presence of the response of observation, since when it was present; the response of following instructions was higher. And finally, the clarity of the instructions issued, since the use of questions and irony seems to make following the instructions more difficult. Thus, we conclude that the analysis of the number of instructions issued and their respective characteristics should be essential content in teachers training courses |
