Thomas Hobbes: do movimento físico à fundação do Estado

• Ano de defesa: 2008
• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Maria Eliane Rosa de
• Orientador(a): Heck, José Nicolau
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: FILOSOFIA NATURAL; ESTADO; CIÊNCIA; POLÍTICA; CORPO (FILOSOFIA); MOVIMENTO (FILOSOFIA); HOBBES, THOMAS - CRÍTICA E INTERPRETAÇÃO
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3388

The present work aims at offering an analysis and an interpretation of Thomas Hobbes’s political theory to the light of the science of the XVII century and the discoveries operated by the modern physics in its junction with the mathematics. The text initiates with the approach of the historical ground on which it is the philosophy of Hobbes, above all with Euclides and Galileu, and goes on the direction of the transposition of the physical movements of the bodies for the foundation of the civil state. A notion of philosophy that starts from a logical-propositional and material base is distinguished, then, to reach a political theory configured in the formal positivity of the law and the legal system of the State. From the appropriation of the modern scientific tradition, a new image of the man emerges that, although rational, is submitted to inertial movements to the most lay direction of the term. Such movements disclose the complex and conflituous condition that is submitted the human nature, for the potential war of all against all. As a solution for this question, Hobbes considers a political theory based on the agreement of the wills and on the mutual transference of the rights, transposing elements of the natural philosophy to the civil philosophy, above all in the adequacy of the law of the free fall of the bodies and the principles of the inertia to the movements of the human bodies in life in the society. In this configuration, man makes, from one side, the war on behalf of the survival and, on the other side, he creates the State as the result of its will in an intricate calculation that traces - much more than the war - the best ways through the preservation and the peace. What is estimated in the political theory of Hobbes is the analysis of the physicalism of the bodies and its external regulation for the absolute state. Such physicalism, however, at the same time that represents the base on which is supported the model of the Hobbes State, it identifies them to the limits of this political theory, that can not account the identified radical physicalism in the origin of the bodies. The appropriation of these elements allows us to affirm that the political model presented by Hobbes goes deep on the rights and the duties in a contract of justification of the sovereignty given by the will and the authorization, which the main mark is the defense. The State, apart its absolute face, presents as an universal artificial construct that groups the diversity, opening the ways of the political authorization and the moral obligation.