Traumatologia desenvolvimental: o impacto da negligência na infância na memória de adultos

• Ano de defesa: 2007
• Autor(a) principal: Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo
• Orientador(a): Stein, Lilian Milnitsky
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: PSICOLOGIA; PSICOBIOLOGIA; CRIANÇAS - MAUS TRATOS; TRAUMAS PSICOLÓGICOS; ESTRESSE; DEPRESSÃO; MEMÓRIA
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4883

INTRODUCTION: Developmental traumatology is a model of De Bellis (2001), it consists of systematic investigation of psychological and psychobiological impact on adverse events to child development. The majority of animal studies use maternal deprivation as a method to investigate the effect of early stress on behavioral and neurobiological responses of adults, but interesting the psychobiological impact of neglect forms of maltreatment are very few studied in humans. OBJECTIVE: The main goal is to investigate the effects of history of childhood neglect on memory performance of females with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), In addition, this work tries to search for associations between memory performance and neurobiological and psychosocial variables. METHOD: The current thesis includes three studies. In the first study, the last 18 years literature on neurobiology and psychobiology of child maltreatment was carefully reviewed in journals with impact factor higher than 1. The second study proposes a multiple regression model where the impact of childhood physical neglect (CPN) and the plasmatic level of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) on verbal memory performance of adult females with MDD were investigated. The third study consists in a experiment where females with MDD who reported childhood emotional neglect (EN+) were compared to females with MDD but without EN (EN-) and healthy controls on recognition test performance for semantic related words. RESULTS: The first study “Psychobiology of Childhood Maltreatment: Effects of Allostatic Load?” selected 75 articles (JCR IF range: 1 - 31. 4, median: 5. 88) to the review. The results of second study “Low Plasma Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Childhood Physical Neglect Are Associated with Memory Impairment in Major Depression” suggest significant correlations between immediate verbal recall and severity of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, CPN and plasma BDNF.The delayed verbal recall showed associations with the same variables plus years of education. In addition, the MDD+CPN group showed impairment on immediate and delayed recall when compared to other groups, but the same pattern was not observed to memory retention rate. It was observed that the severity of CPN and low plasma BDNF predicted immediate verbal recall impairment and CPN was related with the both immediate and delayed recall, corroborating with previous childhood sexual abuse studies. The third study “Gist Memory Impairment in Depressed Women with Childhood Emotional Neglect Reduce False Recognition” indicates that EN+ group has lower rates of false recognition when compared to EN- and control groups. In regard to true recognition of previous studied words (correct targets recognition) there aren’t significant differences between groups. Signal detection methods show significant differences between groups in regard sensitivity to verbatim memory. Corroborating with the beginning analyses, EN+ group is less affected by semantic effect, indicating a semantic association deficit, reflected by gist memory impairment. CONCLUSION: This thesis coming up with brand new results until now not published in literature. All studies suggest that childhood neglect may have an important role on memory systems and this could be modulated thorough neurotrophins actions. Considering that developmental traumatology model proposed a network of complex interactions between individual genetic constitutions, unique environmental experiences, critical periods of developmental vulnerability, and resilience to the 13 understanding on how these factors can influence changes in stress biological systems and brain development, it is highlighted the importance of such results replication to a more definitive conclusions.