Aspectos da formação do estudante de graduação em fonoaudiologia na clínica da voz: por uma abordagem enunciativa Bakhtiniana

• Ano de defesa: 2014
• Autor(a) principal: Cronemberger, Flávia Fialho
• Orientador(a): Di Fanti, Maria da Glória Corrêa
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: FONOAUDIOLOGIA - FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL; BAKHTIN, MIKHAIL MIKHAILOVITCH - CRÍTICA E INTERPRETAÇÃO; VOZ
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/6932

Analysis of the academic and scientific history of speech therapy within the field of voice therapy revealed the predominant presence of three different theoretical conceptions in its foundation: clinical therapy from a more positivist/organicist approach, clinical therapy from a more psychoanalytical perspective, and clinical therapy from within the perspective of Bakhtin’s philosophy, or “intersubjective therapy” (MASINI, 2004). An analysis of the relevant literature published in Brazil revealed the predominance of an organicist social-historical memory in voice therapy, an approach that focuses on the disorder rather than on the subject/patient. This analysis raised questions regarding which theoretical conceptions underlie the work of professors who currently teach voice courses and, principally, those supervising training courses. What kind of speech therapists are being prepared to work in voice therapy: therapists who focus exclusively on the disorder and/or those who recognize the patient in his/her individual complexity? If professors are indeed working with a more organicist conception of clinical therapy, what are the consequences of this type of action in the preparation of students/future speech therapists?Therefore, the principal objective of this study was to observe and analyze aspects related to the training process of a group of undergraduate speech therapy students during supervised practice in the field of voice therapy, with a view towards reflecting on the importance of being attentive, within this learning space, to the constitutive socio-historicity of the subjects participating in it. This was a longitudinal, qualitative study based on Bakhtinian principles as applied to studies in the field of human sciences. The study included filmed recordings of supervised sessions and of some clinical visits, as well as interviews held with a group of female students, two professors and two patients, all of whom participated in a supervised training course for one semester (the second semester of 2011) in an institute of higher education. Of the recordings and observations made, utterances made by one of the professors, a group of female students and one of the patients during a clinical visit were selected and analyzed. Based on this analysis, intertwined voices (of the academic-scientific history of speech therapy, of the professor, of the students, of the patient, etc. ) were found, reflecting more valuations of the organicist/technicist conception throughout the training period analyzed. It was found that the student speech therapists gave little importance to listening to the voices of the patient during therapy, either in their understanding of clinical treatment as a space in which the organicist theory is strengthened or when attempting to observe the subject in a fragmented (biologizing) manner rather than in his/her constitutive complexity. It was found that the student speech therapists gave little importance to listening to the voices of the patient during therapy, since they understood clinical treatment as a space in which the organicist theory is given greater weight; hence they observed the subject in a fragmented (biologizing) manner rather than in his/her constitutive complexity. It is possible that, when incorporated into voice therapy training, the Bakhtinian concepts of discourse and utterance will help improve students understanding of the singularities and complexities involved in each therapeutic process, including those that deal with the biologizing approach of each subject, thus contributing towards rendering clinical visits and supervisions more effective.