Alcances e limites do principialismo em bioética clínica

• Ano de defesa: 2005
• Autor(a) principal: Wetternick, Ernani Miguel Lacerda
• Orientador(a): Souza, Draiton Gonzaga de
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Instituição de defesa: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre
• Palavras-chave em Português: BIOÉTICA; MORALIDADE; MEDICINA - ASPECTOS MORAIS; ÉTICA
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3552

Medicine based on evidences is not so evident. The practice of medicine is an adroit and judicious activity of vital extent that considers facts and values and must be bioethically accomplished. The principles of non-maleficence, justice, beneficence and autonomy revolutionized the decision-making process for physicians, improving medical care. The pivotal question discussed in this work tallies with the one derived from the medical world that requires the aid of philosophy to get to the solution: “How to take decisions considered rational in clinical and ethical scopes which present a high degree of uncertainty?” As bioethics progresses, another question arises: “Which are the range and the limits of the principialism in clinical bioethics?”Principialism is a deductive method of ethical assessment inspired in the Aristotelian syllogism. Its speculative nature, with deontological principles, is peculiar of a naturalistic ethic. As ethics deals in practical scope, where exceptions are justified in case of values’ conflict, an inductive connotation complements the deductive method. This inductive aspect was conceptually developed by Jonsen, Siegler and Wisdale, who took the principles of bioethics, in conformity with the obligation prima facie theory of American philosopher W. David Ross, as axioms of prudential performance. Diego Garcia checks the inductive part of this studies, adheres to the theory of W. Davis Ross and improves the method proposed by T. Beauchamp and J. Childress. Simplicity and success in clinical application are the greatest virtues of the method developed by Diego Garcia, which, nonetheless, is liable to criticism. In view of the problem of finding a basis a priori for the major premise, essential to the existence of the syllogism, it is necessary to turn to phenomenology. In this way, the radical and original essence of the human morality is defined.