Política de desenvolvimento e o setor de mineração: análise de discursos do governo do Peru no período de 1990 a 2009

• Ano de defesa: 2010
• Autor(a) principal: Montalvo, Hilda Vanessa Zevallos
• Orientador(a): Guedes, Ana Lúcia
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Tipo de acesso: Acesso aberto
• Idioma: por
• Palavras-chave em Português: Mineração; Desenvolvimento; Políticas peruanas; Análise crítica do discurso; Análise de conteúdo
• Palavras-chave em Inglês: Mining, Development; Peruvian politics; Critical discourse; Analysis; Content analysis
• Link de acesso: http://hdl.handle.net/10438/7734

Development studies have, without any doubt, stand as one of the last bastion of modernism in social sciences (Rapley, 2004). Many of the key dilemmas in contemporary studies about development were focused on the disjunction among innovations in theory, politics and practice (Simon, 2003). Meanwhile, the discussion that involves a relationship between development and mining, which interests our study, still remains acritical within the dominant literature. According to Graulau (2008), the topic of mining oscillates between favoritism and oposition. From a normative point of view, the study of mining within the topic of development shows the longtime economic mentality that prevails in this field. In Peru, the neoliberal reforms put in practice since the decade of 1990 have strongly promoted the mining sector. Certainly, national and foreign investments, the volume of exportations and taxes have favorably influenced the economy in macroeconomical terms, obtaining considerable quantities of reserves (UNCTAD, 2008). Nevertheless, corporate mining didn't seem to benefit local communities involved in mining extraction (Barrantes, 2005; Glave e Kuramoto, 2007; Zegarra, Orihuela e Paredes, 2007). The quantity and gravity of the conflicts the have been ocurring shows a rejection to the mining sector, opposite to the discursive action of the Peruvian State that guarantees the 'development' brought by mining. In this context, the main objective of this study is to analize the discursive practices of Peruvian mining politics in relationship with the construction of development discourse in the decade of 1990-2009. Therefore, it was necessary to study the main theories about development, mining and mining in Peru. About the methodology used in this work, we used two analysis techniques: First, the Critical Discourse Analysis, based on the tridimensional method proposed by Fairclough (2001). This technique was used to analyze the speeches of three representatives of Peruvian mining politics. The second technique we used was Content Analysis proposed by Bardin (2009). This technique helped us in the analysis of mining politics articles published in the main specialized magazines of this area - Mineria and Desde Adentro. One of the guides in this research was also defined by a set of categories that were constant and convergent related to the concept of mining. Finally, conclusions suggest that mining politics applied by Peruvian State officers introduced discourse practices about sustainable development and that these are coherent with the new orders of discourse: Social Responsability, Sustainable mining, Modern mining, Environmental Management.