Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas
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| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Data de publicació: | 2024 |
| Format: | Master thesis |
| Idioma: | por |
| Font: | Repositório Institucional da UPF |
| Download full: | https://repositorio.upf.br/handle/123456789/10042 |
Sumari: | Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive, antigenically complex bacterium that can be classified into 29 different serotypes according to the variability of its polysaccharide capsule. It is the etiological agent of porcine streptococcosis, an acute systemic inflammatory disease that affects young piglets during the nursery phase and is characterized by arthritis, meningitis, polyserositis, endocarditis, septicemia, and sudden death. The development of porcine streptococcosis depends on the virulence of the circulating clinical strains of S. suis and the general health conditions of the herd. Currently, S. suis is the main cause of mortality and economic losses in the nursery phase of the Brazilian pig farming. S. suis serotype 9 is the most prevalent in Brazil, a situation also observed in European countries such as Spain and Netherlands. Control of this agent is complex and can be achieved by combining rigorous management practices with the use of vaccines, especially autogenous vaccines. Autogenous vaccines represent the main biological alternative against this agent. A fundamental aspect for the success of an autogenous vaccine is the assertive inclusion of microorganisms that are alone and/or in association causing disease in animals. In this work, we evaluated the immunogenicity and clinical efficacy of an autogenous vaccine based on three antigenically different clinical strains of S. suis serotype 9. The study was conducted on a commercial pig farm located in the western part of the state of Santa Catarina between June and November 2023. The first stage of the study consisted of the isolation and molecular characterization of clinical strains of S. suis isolated from outbreaks of S. suis-associated disease throughout the first half of 2023. Subsequently, the antigenic characteristics of the isolated S. suis serotype 9 strains were evaluated using the Smart Antigenicity Test platform, recently developed by AFK Imunotech. Subsequently, an autogenous vaccine was formulated by Vaxxinova, and the product was then evaluated in 3 sequential clinical experiments. In the first two experiments, the potency and efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated in two groups consisting of 174 and 201 piglets, respectively. In the third experiment, the vaccine was evaluated in pregnant sows and in piglets born from immunized dams. For this purpose, 18 sows were immunized intramuscularly at 65 and 86 days of gestation. Piglets born from these sows (n=273) were immunized intramuscularly at 21 and 35 days of age. In the first two studies, blood samples were collected at 21, 35, 42, 49 and 63 days of age. In the third study, in addition to the aforementioned time points, samples were also collected on the 7th and 14th day of life. Blood samples were collected from sows at 65, 86, 100 and 107 days of gestation. Colostrum samples were collected at farrowing. Vaccine efficacy was assessed by comparing the mortality rate in the farm nursery before and after the introduction of the new vaccine. Antibody titers were determined by indirect ELISA based on the vaccine strain AFK 168/22. Our results demonstrated the circulation of strains with 3 different antigenic profiles on the farm studied. We also observed that strains with the same xv virulence profile presented different antigenic profiles, and vice versa. The autogenous vaccine, based on 3 clinical strains of S. suis representative of the identified antigenic clusters, was immunogenic in the three clinical experiments performed. The onset of immunity induced by vaccination was defined based on serology and mitigation of death as being 7 days after revaccination. The vaccine was equally immunogenic in sows, ensuring the production of colostrum with high IgG titers (Log10 = 4.19 0.43). The duration of immunity in 100% of piglets was estimated to be of 3 weeks. Regarding clinical protection, the combination of immunization of sows and piglets at weaning reduced the mortality rate from 5.52% (experiment 1), 5.31% (experiment 2) to 2.56% (experiment 3). Finally, we compared the performance of the trivalent vaccine (formulated in this study) with that provided by the monovalent vaccine, formulated by the same commercial laboratory, and used during the five months of 2023. Our results demonstrated that the trivalent vaccine progressively reduced nursery mortalities on the farm from the first month of use (June), reaching its maximum performance (mortality of 1.76%) in November. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the application of the Smart Antigenicity Test platform to select clinical vaccine strains to formulate smart autogenous vaccines capable of controlling the development of diseases caused by S. suis serotype 9. |
| _version_ | 1871607636696236032 |
|---|---|
| author | Ferreira, Rodolfo Oppitz |
| author_browse | Ferreira, Rodolfo Oppitz |
| author_facet | Ferreira, Rodolfo Oppitz |
| author_role | author |
| collection | Repositório Institucional da UPF |
| dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv | Ferreira, Rodolfo Oppitz |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Frandoloso, Rafael |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv | 2024-10-07 2026-03-12T17:19:31Z 2026-03-12 |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv | FERREIRA, Rodolfo Oppitz. Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas. 2024. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioexperimentação) - Universidade de Passo Fundo, 2024. https://repositorio.upf.br/handle/123456789/10042 |
| dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv | por |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Universidade de Passo Fundo Brasil UPF Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios |
| dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UPF instname:Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF) instacron:UPF |
| dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv | Suíno - Doenças - Controle Streptococcus Antígenos Suíno - Vacinação Farmacologia veterinária Ciências Agrárias::Medicina Veterinária |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv | Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas |
| dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| dc.type.status.fl_str_mv | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| description | Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive, antigenically complex bacterium that can be classified into 29 different serotypes according to the variability of its polysaccharide capsule. It is the etiological agent of porcine streptococcosis, an acute systemic inflammatory disease that affects young piglets during the nursery phase and is characterized by arthritis, meningitis, polyserositis, endocarditis, septicemia, and sudden death. The development of porcine streptococcosis depends on the virulence of the circulating clinical strains of S. suis and the general health conditions of the herd. Currently, S. suis is the main cause of mortality and economic losses in the nursery phase of the Brazilian pig farming. S. suis serotype 9 is the most prevalent in Brazil, a situation also observed in European countries such as Spain and Netherlands. Control of this agent is complex and can be achieved by combining rigorous management practices with the use of vaccines, especially autogenous vaccines. Autogenous vaccines represent the main biological alternative against this agent. A fundamental aspect for the success of an autogenous vaccine is the assertive inclusion of microorganisms that are alone and/or in association causing disease in animals. In this work, we evaluated the immunogenicity and clinical efficacy of an autogenous vaccine based on three antigenically different clinical strains of S. suis serotype 9. The study was conducted on a commercial pig farm located in the western part of the state of Santa Catarina between June and November 2023. The first stage of the study consisted of the isolation and molecular characterization of clinical strains of S. suis isolated from outbreaks of S. suis-associated disease throughout the first half of 2023. Subsequently, the antigenic characteristics of the isolated S. suis serotype 9 strains were evaluated using the Smart Antigenicity Test platform, recently developed by AFK Imunotech. Subsequently, an autogenous vaccine was formulated by Vaxxinova, and the product was then evaluated in 3 sequential clinical experiments. In the first two experiments, the potency and efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated in two groups consisting of 174 and 201 piglets, respectively. In the third experiment, the vaccine was evaluated in pregnant sows and in piglets born from immunized dams. For this purpose, 18 sows were immunized intramuscularly at 65 and 86 days of gestation. Piglets born from these sows (n=273) were immunized intramuscularly at 21 and 35 days of age. In the first two studies, blood samples were collected at 21, 35, 42, 49 and 63 days of age. In the third study, in addition to the aforementioned time points, samples were also collected on the 7th and 14th day of life. Blood samples were collected from sows at 65, 86, 100 and 107 days of gestation. Colostrum samples were collected at farrowing. Vaccine efficacy was assessed by comparing the mortality rate in the farm nursery before and after the introduction of the new vaccine. Antibody titers were determined by indirect ELISA based on the vaccine strain AFK 168/22. Our results demonstrated the circulation of strains with 3 different antigenic profiles on the farm studied. We also observed that strains with the same xv virulence profile presented different antigenic profiles, and vice versa. The autogenous vaccine, based on 3 clinical strains of S. suis representative of the identified antigenic clusters, was immunogenic in the three clinical experiments performed. The onset of immunity induced by vaccination was defined based on serology and mitigation of death as being 7 days after revaccination. The vaccine was equally immunogenic in sows, ensuring the production of colostrum with high IgG titers (Log10 = 4.19 0.43). The duration of immunity in 100% of piglets was estimated to be of 3 weeks. Regarding clinical protection, the combination of immunization of sows and piglets at weaning reduced the mortality rate from 5.52% (experiment 1), 5.31% (experiment 2) to 2.56% (experiment 3). Finally, we compared the performance of the trivalent vaccine (formulated in this study) with that provided by the monovalent vaccine, formulated by the same commercial laboratory, and used during the five months of 2023. Our results demonstrated that the trivalent vaccine progressively reduced nursery mortalities on the farm from the first month of use (June), reaching its maximum performance (mortality of 1.76%) in November. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the application of the Smart Antigenicity Test platform to select clinical vaccine strains to formulate smart autogenous vaccines capable of controlling the development of diseases caused by S. suis serotype 9. |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | masterThesis |
| id | UPF_8d4b18a0d5eb7dbcea021c35ddc02229 |
| identifier_str_mv | FERREIRA, Rodolfo Oppitz. Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas. 2024. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioexperimentação) - Universidade de Passo Fundo, 2024. |
| instacron_str | UPF |
| institution | UPF |
| instname_str | Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF) |
| language | por |
| network_acronym_str | UPF |
| network_name_str | Repositório Institucional da UPF |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repositorio.upf.br:123456789/10042 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Universidade de Passo Fundo Brasil UPF Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios |
| reponame_str | Repositório Institucional da UPF |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv | jucelei@upf.br||biblio@upf.br |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv | Repositório Institucional da UPF - Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF) |
| repository_id_str | 1610 |
| spelling | Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenasSuíno - Doenças - ControleStreptococcusAntígenosSuíno - VacinaçãoFarmacologia veterináriaCiências Agrárias::Medicina VeterináriaStreptococcus suis is a Gram-positive, antigenically complex bacterium that can be classified into 29 different serotypes according to the variability of its polysaccharide capsule. It is the etiological agent of porcine streptococcosis, an acute systemic inflammatory disease that affects young piglets during the nursery phase and is characterized by arthritis, meningitis, polyserositis, endocarditis, septicemia, and sudden death. The development of porcine streptococcosis depends on the virulence of the circulating clinical strains of S. suis and the general health conditions of the herd. Currently, S. suis is the main cause of mortality and economic losses in the nursery phase of the Brazilian pig farming. S. suis serotype 9 is the most prevalent in Brazil, a situation also observed in European countries such as Spain and Netherlands. Control of this agent is complex and can be achieved by combining rigorous management practices with the use of vaccines, especially autogenous vaccines. Autogenous vaccines represent the main biological alternative against this agent. A fundamental aspect for the success of an autogenous vaccine is the assertive inclusion of microorganisms that are alone and/or in association causing disease in animals. In this work, we evaluated the immunogenicity and clinical efficacy of an autogenous vaccine based on three antigenically different clinical strains of S. suis serotype 9. The study was conducted on a commercial pig farm located in the western part of the state of Santa Catarina between June and November 2023. The first stage of the study consisted of the isolation and molecular characterization of clinical strains of S. suis isolated from outbreaks of S. suis-associated disease throughout the first half of 2023. Subsequently, the antigenic characteristics of the isolated S. suis serotype 9 strains were evaluated using the Smart Antigenicity Test platform, recently developed by AFK Imunotech. Subsequently, an autogenous vaccine was formulated by Vaxxinova, and the product was then evaluated in 3 sequential clinical experiments. In the first two experiments, the potency and efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated in two groups consisting of 174 and 201 piglets, respectively. In the third experiment, the vaccine was evaluated in pregnant sows and in piglets born from immunized dams. For this purpose, 18 sows were immunized intramuscularly at 65 and 86 days of gestation. Piglets born from these sows (n=273) were immunized intramuscularly at 21 and 35 days of age. In the first two studies, blood samples were collected at 21, 35, 42, 49 and 63 days of age. In the third study, in addition to the aforementioned time points, samples were also collected on the 7th and 14th day of life. Blood samples were collected from sows at 65, 86, 100 and 107 days of gestation. Colostrum samples were collected at farrowing. Vaccine efficacy was assessed by comparing the mortality rate in the farm nursery before and after the introduction of the new vaccine. Antibody titers were determined by indirect ELISA based on the vaccine strain AFK 168/22. Our results demonstrated the circulation of strains with 3 different antigenic profiles on the farm studied. We also observed that strains with the same xv virulence profile presented different antigenic profiles, and vice versa. The autogenous vaccine, based on 3 clinical strains of S. suis representative of the identified antigenic clusters, was immunogenic in the three clinical experiments performed. The onset of immunity induced by vaccination was defined based on serology and mitigation of death as being 7 days after revaccination. The vaccine was equally immunogenic in sows, ensuring the production of colostrum with high IgG titers (Log10 = 4.19 0.43). The duration of immunity in 100% of piglets was estimated to be of 3 weeks. Regarding clinical protection, the combination of immunization of sows and piglets at weaning reduced the mortality rate from 5.52% (experiment 1), 5.31% (experiment 2) to 2.56% (experiment 3). Finally, we compared the performance of the trivalent vaccine (formulated in this study) with that provided by the monovalent vaccine, formulated by the same commercial laboratory, and used during the five months of 2023. Our results demonstrated that the trivalent vaccine progressively reduced nursery mortalities on the farm from the first month of use (June), reaching its maximum performance (mortality of 1.76%) in November. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the application of the Smart Antigenicity Test platform to select clinical vaccine strains to formulate smart autogenous vaccines capable of controlling the development of diseases caused by S. suis serotype 9.O Streptococcus suis é uma bactéria Gram-positiva, antigenicamente complexa, que pode ser classificada em 29 sorotipos diferentes de acordo com a variabilidade da sua cápsula polissacarídica. É o agente etiológico da Estreptococose suína, uma doença inflamatória sistêmica aguda que acomete leitões jovens durante a fase de creche, e que se caracteriza por artrite, meningite, poliserosite, endocardite, septicemia e morte súbita. O desenvolvimento da Estreptococose suína depende da virulência das cepas clínicas de S. suis circulantes e das condições gerais de saúde do rebanho. Atualmente o S. suis é o principal causador de mortalidade e perdas econômicas na fase de creche na suinocultura brasileira. O sorotipo 9 é o mais prevalente no Brasil, situação também observada em países europeus como Espanha e Holanda. O controle deste agente é complexo e pode ser realizado combinando rigorosas práticas de manejo com o uso de vacinas, especialmente de vacinas autógenas. As vacinas autógenas representam a principal alternativa biológica contra esse agente. Um aspecto fundamental para o sucesso de uma vacina autógena é a inclusão assertiva dos microrganismos que estejam sozinhos e/ou em associação causando doenças nos animais. Neste trabalho, avaliamos a imunogenicidade e a eficácia clínica de uma vacina autógena baseada em três cepas clínicas de S. suis sorotipo 9 antigenicamente diferentes entre si. O estudo foi conduzido em uma granja comercial de suínos localizada no oeste do estado de Santa Catarina entre os meses de junho e outubro de 2023. A primeira etapa do estudo consistiu no isolamento e caracterização molecular de cepas clínicas de S. suis isoladas de surtos de doença associada ao S. suis ao longo do primeiro semestre de 2023. Posteriormente, as características antigênicas das cepas de S. suis sorotipo 9 isoladas foi avaliada com a plataforma Smart Antigenicity Test, recentemente desenvolvida pela AFK Imunotech. Posteriormente, uma vacina autógena foi formulada pelo laboratório Vaxxinova, e o produto foi então avaliado em 3 estudos clínicos sequenciais. Nos dois primeiros experimentos, a potência e eficácia da vacina foi avaliada em dois grupos de leitões formados por 174 e 201 leitões, respectivamente. No terceiro experimento, a vacina foi avaliada em matrizes gestantes e em leitões nascidos das mães imunizadas. Para este propósito, 18 matrizes foram imunizadas pela via intramuscular aos 65 e 86 dias de gestação. Os leitões nascidos destas matrizes (n=273) foram imunizados pela via intramuscular aos 21 e 35 dias de idade. Nos dois primeiros estudos, amostras de sangue foram coletadas aos 21, 35, 42, 49 e 63 dias de idades. No terceiro estudo, além dos momentos já mencionados, também foram coletadas amostras no 7º e 14º dia de vida. Nas matrizes, amostras de sangue foram coletadas aos 65, 86, 100 e 107 dias de gestação. Amostras de colostro foram coletadas no momento do parto. A eficácia da vacina foi avaliada comparando-se o índice de mortalidade da creche da granja antes e após a introdução da vacina. A determinação dos títulos de anticorpos foi realizada por ELISA Indireto baseado na cepa vacinal AFK 168/22. Nossos resultados demonstraram a circulação de cepas com 3 perfis antigênicos diferentes na granja xiii estudada. Também, observamos que cepas com o mesmo perfil de virulência apresentavam perfis antigênicos diferentes, e vice e versa. A vacina autógena, baseada em 3 cepas clínicas de S. suis representativas dos clusters antigênicos identificados, foi munogênica nos três experimentos clínicos realizados. O início de imunidade da vacina foi definido em base a sorologia e mitigação de morte como sendo 7 dias após a revacinação. A vacina foi igualmente imunogênica em porcas, garantindo a produção de colostro com alto títulos de IgGs (Log10 = 4.19 ¿ 0.43). A duração da imunidade em 100% dos leitões foi estimada em 3 semanas. Com relação a proteção clínica, a combinação da imunização das matrizes e de leitões ao desmame reduziu o índice de mortalidade de 5.52% (experimento 1), 5.31% (experimento 2) para 2.56% (experimento 3). Por fim, comparamos o desempenho da vacina trivalente (formulada nesse estudo) com o da vacina monovalente, formulada pelo mesmo laboratório comercial, e utilizada nos 5 primeiros meses de 2023. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a vacina trivalente reduziu progressivamente as mortalidades de creche da granja a partir do primeiro mês de uso (junho), alcançando o seu máximo desempenho (mortalidade de 1.76%) no mês de novembro. Os nossos resultados demonstram, por primeira vez, a aplicação da plataforma Smart Antigenicity Test para selecionar cepas clínicas vacinas para formular vacinas autógenas inteligentes e capazes de controlar o desenvolvimento de doenças associadas ao S. suis sorotipo 9.Universidade de Passo FundoBrasilUPFPrograma de Pós-Graduação em BioexperimentaçãoEscola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e NegóciosFrandoloso, RafaelFerreira, Rodolfo Oppitz2026-03-12T17:19:31Z2026-03-122024-10-07info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfFERREIRA, Rodolfo Oppitz. Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas. 2024. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioexperimentação) - Universidade de Passo Fundo, 2024.https://repositorio.upf.br/handle/123456789/10042porinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UPFinstname:Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF)instacron:UPF2026-03-13T03:01:09Zoai:repositorio.upf.br:123456789/10042Repositório InstitucionalPRIhttp://repositorio.upf.br/oai/requestjucelei@upf.br||biblio@upf.bropendoar:16102026-03-13T03:01:09Repositório Institucional da UPF - Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF) |
| spellingShingle | Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas Ferreira, Rodolfo Oppitz Suíno - Doenças - Controle Streptococcus Antígenos Suíno - Vacinação Farmacologia veterinária Ciências Agrárias::Medicina Veterinária |
| status_str | publishedVersion |
| title | Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas |
| title_full | Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas |
| title_fullStr | Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas |
| title_short | Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas |
| title_sort | Streptococcus suis: o impacto da variação antigênica na eficácia das vacinas autógenas |
| topic | Suíno - Doenças - Controle Streptococcus Antígenos Suíno - Vacinação Farmacologia veterinária Ciências Agrárias::Medicina Veterinária |
| url | https://repositorio.upf.br/handle/123456789/10042 |