Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Galpern, Ezequiel
Publication Date: 2025
Other Authors: Ferreiro, Diego, Sánchez, Ignacio
Format: preprint
Language: eng
Source: SciELO Preprints
Download full: https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/11013
Summary: Evolution of folded biopolymers requires effective and fast search of both the conformational space for folding and the sequence space for evolution. Molecular information theory and energy landscape theory show that the alphabet size of extant proteins and RNA is just enough to fulfill these requirements, given the constraints posed by the chemical physics of these polymers. Empirical estimations of the size of the effective sequence and conformational spaces of natural biopolymers support the theoretical predictions.
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spelling Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?biopolymerrandom energy modelgenetic code Evolution of folded biopolymers requires effective and fast search of both the conformational space for folding and the sequence space for evolution. Molecular information theory and energy landscape theory show that the alphabet size of extant proteins and RNA is just enough to fulfill these requirements, given the constraints posed by the chemical physics of these polymers. Empirical estimations of the size of the effective sequence and conformational spaces of natural biopolymers support the theoretical predictions. SciELO PreprintsSciELO PreprintsSciELO Preprints2025-01-10info:eu-repo/semantics/preprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/1101310.1590/SciELOPreprints.11013enghttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/11013/19988Copyright (c) 2025 Ezequiel Galpern, Diego Ferreiro, Ignacio Sánchezhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessGalpern, EzequielFerreiro, DiegoSánchez, Ignacioreponame:SciELO Preprintsinstname:Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO)instacron:SCI2024-12-30T16:13:00Zoai:ops.preprints.scielo.org:preprint/11013Servidor de preprintshttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scieloONGhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/oaiscielo.submission@scielo.orgopendoar:2024-12-30T16:13SciELO Preprints - Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?
title Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?
spellingShingle Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?
Galpern, Ezequiel
biopolymer
random energy model
genetic code
title_short Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?
title_full Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?
title_fullStr Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?
title_full_unstemmed Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?
title_sort Why are there 20 amino acids and 4 nucleotides?
author Galpern, Ezequiel
author_facet Galpern, Ezequiel
Ferreiro, Diego
Sánchez, Ignacio
author_role author
author2 Ferreiro, Diego
Sánchez, Ignacio
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Galpern, Ezequiel
Ferreiro, Diego
Sánchez, Ignacio
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv biopolymer
random energy model
genetic code
topic biopolymer
random energy model
genetic code
description Evolution of folded biopolymers requires effective and fast search of both the conformational space for folding and the sequence space for evolution. Molecular information theory and energy landscape theory show that the alphabet size of extant proteins and RNA is just enough to fulfill these requirements, given the constraints posed by the chemical physics of these polymers. Empirical estimations of the size of the effective sequence and conformational spaces of natural biopolymers support the theoretical predictions.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-01-10
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format preprint
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/11013
10.1590/SciELOPreprints.11013
url https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/11013
identifier_str_mv 10.1590/SciELOPreprints.11013
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/11013/19988
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2025 Ezequiel Galpern, Diego Ferreiro, Ignacio Sánchez
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2025 Ezequiel Galpern, Diego Ferreiro, Ignacio Sánchez
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv SciELO Preprints
SciELO Preprints
SciELO Preprints
publisher.none.fl_str_mv SciELO Preprints
SciELO Preprints
SciELO Preprints
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:SciELO Preprints
instname:Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO)
instacron:SCI
instname_str Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO)
instacron_str SCI
institution SCI
reponame_str SciELO Preprints
collection SciELO Preprints
repository.name.fl_str_mv SciELO Preprints - Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv scielo.submission@scielo.org
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