Field evaluation of a push-pull system to reduce malaria transmission

• Main Author: Menger, David J.
• Publication Date: 2015
• Other Authors: Omusula, Philemon, Holding, Maarten, Homan, Tobias, Carreira, Ana S., Vandendaele, Patrice, Derycke, Jean-Luc, Mweresa, Collins K., Mukabana, Wolfgang Richard, van Loon, Joop J. A., Takken, Willem
• Format: Article
• Language: eng
• Source: Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP)
• Download full: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/109265; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123415
• topic: Animals; Anopheles; Humans; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Kenya; Malaria; Mosquito Control

Malaria continues to place a disease burden on millions of people throughout the tropics, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Although efforts to control mosquito populations and reduce human-vector contact, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying, have led to significant decreases in malaria incidence, further progress is now threatened by the widespread development of physiological and behavioural insecticide-resistance as well as changes in the composition of vector populations. A mosquito-directed push-pull system based on the simultaneous use of attractive and repellent volatiles offers a complementary tool to existing vector-control methods. In this study, the combination of a trap baited with a five-compound attractant and a strip of net-fabric impregnated with micro-encapsulated repellent and placed in the eaves of houses, was tested in a malaria-endemic village in western Kenya. Using the repellent delta-undecalactone, mosquito house entry was reduced by more than 50%, while the traps caught high numbers of outdoor flying mosquitoes. Model simulations predict that, assuming area-wide coverage, the addition of such a push-pull system to existing prevention efforts will result in up to 20-fold reductions in the entomological inoculation rate. Reductions of such magnitude are also predicted when mosquitoes exhibit a high resistance against insecticides. We conclude that a push-pull system based on non-toxic volatiles provides an important addition to existing strategies for malaria prevention.